The Effect of Liquid Detergent on Common Pistachio Psylla, Agonoscena Pistaciae, Soil and Plant

The common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae (Homoptera: Psyllidae) is known as the key pest of pistachio trees in Iran. This study was carried out during three years to test the effect of dish washing detergent (Rika ® ) against this pest in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and four replicates. The treatments were including: 13500ml dish washing detergent per 1000 liter water 22000ml dish washing detergent per 1000 liter water 31000ml dish washing detergent + 500ml pesticide (Amitraz) per 1000 liter water 41500 ml pesticide (Amitraz) per 1000 liter water 5-water (control). Amitraz was used as a common insecticide in compare to different concentrations of dish washing detergent (Rika ® ). The results showed that the percentage of mortality of Amitraz treatment was higher than other treatments (1, 2, and 3) in 14 th and 21 st days after spraying, furthermore there were significant differences between Amitraz and other treatments. The side effect of this treatment on the parasitoid psyllaephagus pistaciae indicated that dish washing detergent on the susceptible and resistance stages of psyllaephagus were evaluated as harmless and slightly harmful group, respectively. In addition, Amitraz in two above mentioned stages of wasp were evaluated in slightly harmful group. The results the effects of different treatments on soil and pistachio plant indicated that dish washing detergent on Ec and pH of soil, mineral elements of leaf and different parts of fruit, relative water content and leaf chlorophyll were not significant. By the way, lapse of time in treated plants with dish washing detergent (Rika ® ) increase of Na, decrease of Fe in leaf and hull and decline in gas exchanges and photosynthesis were observed.